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ONE DAY WORKSHOP ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AND LEADERSHIP

FIRST DANCROSS CONSULTING LIMITED Organizes ONE DAY WORKSHOP ON “ENTREPRENEURSHIP SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AND LEADERSHIP” 1.1. INTRODUCTION: The workshop seeks to impact entrepreneurship skills to enable participants make decisions, evaluate business plans and as well as impact the acquired skills. Entrepreneurs are achievement motivated people who take the risks to establish business ventures, produce goods and render services that are needed by the society and thereby creating for themselves and others. The reality on ground is that there can be no successful entrepreneurship without possessing unique qualities of a leader. Since these qualities are difficult to possess, concerted effort must be made to identify such potentials as well as developing them for the benefit of the person in particular and our society in general. 1.2. WORKSHOP OBJECTIVES: a) To understand the concept of entrepreneurship and leadership b) To ascertain leadership types and skills required in successful entrepreneurship c) To identify business opportunities d) To demonstrate how to prepare business plan and feasibility study. e) To define personal entrepreneurship characteristics f) To develop leadership capabilities to manage a business g) To manage challenges of business environment through application of successful leadership skills h) To identify leadership strategies for successful business management 1.3. WORKSHOP CONTENTS a) Concept of entrepreneurship and leadership b) Leadership types and skills refined in successful entrepreneurship c) Identification of business opportunities d) Business plan and feasibility study preparation e) Personal entrepreneurship characteristics f) Entrepreneurship, innovation and creativity g) Entrepreneurship skills and personality h) Leadership and business success i) The role of government in SMES 1.4. TARGET AUDIENCE/PARTICIPANTS The workshop is designed for prospective entrepreneurs, business men and women, unemployed youth, employees in public and private organisations, Non-governmental Organisations, community based organisations, Donor Agency staff as well as employees planning for retirement and ordinary people who want a way to generate Income and become financial independent. 1.5. ATTENDANCE/REGISTRATION FEE - Workshop registration fee = N5000 only - Certificate of attendance = N10,000 only 1.6. FACILITATORS 1. Dr. Dele Olaolu 2. Dr. Nkem Obaji Department of Banking and Finance Department of Business Administration, Nasarawa State University, Keffi Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja 3. Dr. C.O. Daniel Department of Business Administration, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja 1.7. VENUE AND DATE Venue: First Dancross Consulting Limited, Chrisgold Plaza, Block 3, Beside Oando Filling, Abacha Road Junction, Abuja-Keffi Road, Mararaba. Date: Saturday 26th August, 2017 (9.00am – 4.00Pm) Contact Person: Dr. C.O. Daniel 07086253343, 08068277429

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SEMINAR ON IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF SOLAR CELL MADE OF SEMICONDUCTOR

SEMINAR TOPIC ON IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF SOLAR CELL MADE OF SEMICONDUCTOR WRITTEN BY chinedu james e. (POWER OPTION) TABLE OF CONTENTS SEMINAR TOPIC ON IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF SOLAR CELL MADE OF SEMICONDUCTOR TABLE OF CONTENTS Title page i Certification ii Dedication iii Acknowledgement iv Contents v Abstract vi Table of content Abstract CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Primary energy sources 1.2 Renewable energy sources Photovoltaic solar energy (solar electricity) 1.4 Introduction to photovoltaic solar energy 1.5 Photovoltaic technologies 1.6 Photovoltaic applications and market CHAPTER TWO 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW Improving the performance of organic solar cells 2.1 Magnetic nanoparticles enhance performance of solar cells 2.3 Improve Solar PV Panel Efficiency and Output Power Solar Cell Technology Fill factor Solar Cells Glazing Solar Panel Orientation Solar tracker Concentrators Solar Charge Controls MPPT Controller Top of Form 2.4 Blu-Ray Disc Can be Used to Improve Solar Cell Performance Data storage pattern transferred to solar cell increases light absorption 2.5 Improving the efficiency of solar panels Light scattering was promoted in the visible part of sunlight's spectrum CHAPTER THREE 3.0 Materials Crystalline silicon Monocrystalline silicon Ribbon silicon Mono-like-multi silicon (MLM) Thin film Cadmium telluride Copper indium gallium selenide Silicon thin film Gallium arsenide thin film Multijunction cells 3.2 Research in solar cells Perovskite solar cells 3.3 Upconversion and Downconversion 3.4 Light-absorbing dyes 3.4 Quantum dots 3.5 Organic/polymer solar cells Manufacture CHAPTER FOUR Conclusion and recommendation reference Abstract The purpose of this project was to investigate how the design of solar cells could be improved so that they could become a more reliable source of energy. The first design change considered was shape manipulation, in which a normal photovoltaic array would be changed from a flat panel to either a cylindrical, parabolic, or spherical light-capture device. The idea is to change the cell or panel so that as much light is absorbed as possible. The second idea explored was to use a home water heating system in conjunction with the solar cells in order to control temperature fluctuation within the solar array, thus optimizing efficiency. The use of wiper blades, similar to windshield wiper systems in cars, was proposed as our third idea in order to remove any snow or debris from the surface of the panels. Other changes considered included the use of light-manipulation methods, such as Fresnel lenses, to enhance solar flux, prisms, which would be used to redirect light towards an array of solar cells, and one way glass, CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and chemical phenomenon. It is a form of photoelectric cell, defined as a device whose electrical characteristics, such as current, voltage, or resistance, vary when exposed to light. Solar cells are the building blocks of photovoltaic modules, otherwise known as solar panels. Solar cells are described as being photovoltaic irrespective of whether the source is sunlight or an artificial light. They are used as a photodetector (for example infrared detectors), detecting light or other electromagnetic radiation near the visible range, or measuring light intensity. The operation of a photovoltaic (PV) cell requires 3 basic attributes:  The absorption of light, generating either electron-hole pairs or excitons.  The separation of charge carriers of opposite types.  The separate extraction of those carriers to an external circuit. In contrast, a solar thermal collector supplies heat by absorbing sunlight, for the purpose of either direct heating or indirect electrical power generation from heat. A "photoelectrolytic cell" (photoelectrochemical cell), on the other hand, refers either to a type of photovoltaic cell (like that developed by Edmond Becquerel and modern dye-sensitized solar cells), or to a device that splits water directly into hydrogen and oxygen using only solar illumination. Any change that takes place in the universe is accompanied by a change in a quantity that we name energy. We do not know what energy exactly is, we use this term to describe a capacity of a physical or biological system for movement or change. Energy comes in many forms, such as electrical energy, chemical energy, or mechanical energy, and it can be used to realize many forms of change, such as movement, heating, or chemical change. Any activity, and human activity as well, requires energy. Human beings need it to move their bodies, to cook, to heat and light houses, or to drive vehicles. Human being is a greedy consumer of energy. An active young man needs about 2500 kcal (2.9 kWh) per day to fulfil his daily energy requirements. This means the energy of about 1060 kWh per year. The present global energy consumption is around 19 000 kWh per inhabitant per year. It means that on average a man consumes about 19 times more energy than is needed for his survival and satisfactory health. The mankind has witnessed an enormous increase in energy consumption during last 100 years. While in 1890 the energy use per inhabitant per year was around 5800 kWh it reached 20200 kWh in 1970. Since 1970 the energy use has dropped to the present level of 19000 kWh per inhabitant per year. The increase in energy use in the 20th century can be related to an evolution process that has started about five centuries ago. The underlying motivation of this process was formulated during the Enlightenment period in the 18th century as the philosophy of human progress. The aim of the process was an examination of the surrounding world and its adaptation to the needs of people whose life would become more secure and comfortable. This process was accompanied by growing industrialization and mass production, which were demanding more and more energy. At the end of the 19th century coal was the main source of energy. In this period electricity was introduced in the industrialized countries as a new and elegant form of energy. This form of energy was quickly applied on a large scale. The widespread growth of electricity use led to construction of hydroelectric plants and hydropower became an important source of energy in the first half of the 20th century. In the period after the World War II much effort was put into the reconstruction of the society. The emphasis was directed on the growth and efficiency of the mass production. New technologies and new materials, such as plastic, were applied in the production. The energy demand was tremendously growing in this period. Oil and gas started to play an important role as energy sources in the second half of the 20th century. Coal, oil, and gas form today dominant sources of energy. These three energy sources, also known as fossil fuels, are called the traditional energy sources. In this period nuclear energy was introduced as a new source of energy. Increasing and more efficient mass production resulted in the low price of many household products. The consumption of the products grew enormously and therefore it is not surprising that we characterize today society as a consumption society. Nevertheless, it has become evident at the end of the 20th century that the philosophy of human progress that has manifested itself in a huge production and consumption of goods has a negative side too. It has been recognized that a massive consumption of fossil fuels in order to fulfill the present energy demands has a negative impact on the environment. The deterioration of environment is a clear warning that the present realization of human progress has its limitations. The emerging international environmental consciousness was formulated in a concept of a sustainable human progress. The sustainable human progress is defined as: “… to ensure that it (sustainable development) meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”1. A new challenge has emerged at the end of the 20th century that represents a search for and a utilization of new and sustainable energy sources. The urge of this challenge is underlined by limited resources of the fossil fuels on the Earth and increasing demand for energy production. This is the reason why the attention is turning to the renewable energy sources. Energy is an essence of any human activity. When we are interested in how the human civilization has been producing and using energy, we can describe it in terms of an energy system. The main characteristics of the energy system are: the population, the total consumption of energy, and the sources and forms of energy that people use. The energy system at the beginning of the 21st century is characterized by six billion people that live on the Earth and the total energy consumption of approximately 1.3 × 1010 kW. 1.1 AIM AND OBJECTIVE

TITLE PAGE RISK MANAGEMENT AS A STRATEGY FOR PROFIT MAXIMIZATION (A CASE STUDY ACCESS BANK PLC) WRITTEN BY Chinedu j.e. ABSTRACT The study carried out an empirical investigation into the quantitative effect of credit risk on the performance of commercial banks in Nigeria over the period of 11 years 2000\2010.Five commercial banking firms were selected on a cross sectional basis for eleven years. The traditional profit theory was employed to formulate profit, measured by return on asset[ROA], as a function of the ratio of Nonperforming loan to loan and advance [NPLILA], ratio of total loan and advance to total deposit[LA/TD] and the ratio of loan loss provision to classified loans[LLP/TD] as measures of credit risk. Panel model analysis was used to estimate the determinants of the profit function. The result showed that the effect of credit risk on bank performance measure by the return on Assets of banks is cross sectional invariant. That is, the effect is similar across banks in Nigeria, though the degree to which individual banks are affected is not captured by the method of analysis employed in the study. Banks collect deposits and lend to customers but when customer fail to meet their obligations, problem such as non performing loans arise. This study evaluates the impact of credit risk on the profitability of Nigerian banks. The findings revealed that credit risk management has a significant impact on the profitability of Nigeria banks. pls call to get the full material on 08032849308